简版贸易合同（精选3篇）
摘要:近几年来，在全球范围内因国际贸易欺作而给有关当事人造成的损失每年达数百亿美元，因而研究国际贸易欺作的类型及其防范措施意义重大。作为国际贾易欺作基本类型的合同欺作的形式，主要有合同主体的欺作、利用合同条款欺作、利用合同履行欺作、数量限制或强制性规定欺诈等。为防范国际贸易合同欺作，应根据不同情形采取不同的措施。
关键词:国际贸易合同;欺诈;防范
在国际经济交往中，几乎任何一项国际贸易业务的进行都要运用合同手段。国际贸易合同能够设立、变更、消灭国际贸易当事人各方的权利义务关系，衡量当事人各方的是非曲直。正因为国际贸易合同应用的广泛性，所以很多国际贸易欺诈活动都是利用合同手段进行的。我国加人wTO以后，国际贸易活动日益频繁，国际贸易规模也会越来越大，国际贸易合同所起的.作用更为重要。为了在国际贸易中更好地维护自身的合法权益.了解、掌握国际贸易合同欺诈的类型及其防范措施，防患于未然，很有必要。
国际贸易合同欺诈的类型
(一)合同主体的欺作国际贸易合同的主体即合同的双方当事人。在世界经济一体化日益发展的情形下，国际贸易合同主体是多种多样的。既有经济实力雄厚的跨国公司，也有名不见经传的小商人，甚至有专门的商业骗子。在国际贸易中，合同主体的欺诈形态主要有:
1.虚构主体欺诈。这种形式的欺诈主要有合同当事人一方未经注册、子公司未经母公司同意而打着母公司的旗号签约、合同当事人纯属商业骗子等情形。
2 . 有限责任欺诈。这种欺诈主要是利用股份有限公司、有限责任公司的法律特点进行的。由干这两种公司的法律特点之一是公司以其全部注册资本为限对外承担责任，股东以其出资额为限对公司债务承担责任，因而给某些心怀恶意的国际贸易欺诈者以可乘之机。特别是象实行资本授权制的英美国家对注册资本的要求不很严格，这更为从事国际贸易的欺诈者提供了法律上的方便。这些人往往以很低的资本注册一个股份有限公司或有限责任公司，然后在国际贸易中浑水摸鱼。
3 . 主体变更欺诈。这种欺诈方式是指在国际贸易合同欺诈中，通过主体变动实施欺诈。具体做法是合同当事人一方将自己的合同义务转让给第三方，第三方所提履行条件往往比较优越，在合同的原当事人对第三方资信不作深人了解的情况下，易上当受骗。
(二)利用合同条款欺作许多合同欺诈的发生，都是由于当初双方们立合同时对某些条款订得不完善，给一方借此进行欺诈带来可乘之机。利用合同条款进行欺诈的情形主要有以下几种:
1 . 品质条款欺诈。这是合同一方当事人产私用合同对商品品质、规格规定的不详细不具体而对对 方进行欺诈的方式。
2.索赔条款欺诈。在国际贸易合同中往往订有索赔条款，规定如一方不履行或不适当履行合同，则对方有权对其提出索赔要求，以保护守约方的合同利益不受损害。利用索赔条款欺诈，有买方对卖方的欺诈，如买方所提条件虽很优越，但给予卖方的履约时间较短，最终使卖方违约而向卖方提出索赔要求;卖方也可利用索赔条款对买方欺诈，如合同规定卖方的履约时间较长，卖方向买方交付不合格的产品后因超过合同规定的买方向卖方的索赔时间而使买方遭受损失。
3.违约金条款欺一诈。国际贸易合同欺诈中利用违约金条款进行欺诈时，欺诈方总是在订约前充分了解对方的实际履约能力，然后利用对方急于进行出口贸易的心理，与之订立超出对方实际履约能力的大宗贸易合同，但履行期限又短得让对方无法履行，欺诈方即可得到大笔的违约金。
4.担保条款欺诈。国际贸易合同欺诈方利用担保条款欺诈的做法是欺诈方提供担保以增强合同对方当事人的信任，但这种担保是无效担保或担保物易灭失或转移的担保。即使欺诈方不履行合同时，受害方终因不能行使担保权而受损失。
合同编号：____
____年__月__日
____(售方)为一方，与____(购方)为另一方，签订合同如下：
第一条合同对象
依据____年__月__日双方签订的关于合作的协议，在售方国国境车上交货条件下售方售出，购方购入货物。其数量、种类、价格及交货期均按第__号附件办理，该附件为本合同不可分割的部分。
合同总金额为_____
第二条价格
本合同所售出货物的价格以瑞士法郎计算，此项价格系卖方国国境车上交货，包括包皮、包装和标记费在内。
第三条品质
按本合同所售出货物的品质应符合中华人民共和国国家标准或原苏联国家标准，并符合本合同附件所规定的技术条件;凭样交货的商品品质应符合双方确认的样品。
商品质量应以售方国国家商品检验局出具的品质证明书证明之。
第四条供货期
售方应在本合同附件规定的期限内发货。在征得购方同意的情况下，售方有权按双方商妥的数量和金额提前交货。
第五条标记
每个货箱均应用防水颜料在箱体的三面(上面，前面和左右)用英、俄两种文字书写以下标记：合同号，收货人，箱号，毛重，净重。
第六条支付
本合同所供应的货物之价款，由购方按照中国银行和原苏联外经银行关于边境贸易支付协议书所规定的办法及1990年3月13日“由中国向苏联和由苏联向中国交货的共同条件”以瑞士法郎凭下列单据向售方支付：
1.帐单4份;
2.盖有售方国发站印章的铁路运单副本1份;
3.明细单3份;
4.品质证明书1份。
第七条保证和索赔
卖方在提供的商品投入使用之后12个月内保证商品质量，但不超过供货之日起18个月。
对货物品质的异议应在发现缺陷后3个月内提出，如在保证期发现缺陷，提赔日期不能迟于保证期结束30天。
如商品在保证期内出现缺陷，供货一方应排除缺陷或更换有缺陷的部分并负担费用。
当事人一方给对方造成人身伤害或因故意或重大过失给对方造成财产损失的，应当进行赔偿。
第八条发货通知
售方应在发货后10天内以电传向购方通知有关货物自生产厂发运的情况，并注明发运日期，合同号，发动机号，件数，毛重和铁路运单号。
买方：________________ 卖方：________________
代表签字：____________ 代表签字：____________
____年__月__日 ____年__月__日
本合同于_________年_________月_________日在中国_________签订。
甲方为：中国_________公司
法定地址：_________
电话：_________
电传：_________
乙方为：_________国公司
法定地址：_________
电话：_________
电传：_________
第一条贸易内容
(一)乙方向甲方提供用于生产的_________型机械_________台，以及各种其他辅助机械设备，并同时提供各类机械设备所必需的附配件及备用件，以及在生产过程中各种必需的测试仪器。具体的各类机械设备、测试仪器、附、配件、备用件之型号、名称、规格、数量、价格、包装要求、交货期限等，由双方另行签订设备进口合同，作为本合同不可分割的一部分。
(二)甲方用乙方提供的机械设备所生产的部分产品以及其他商品，或经双方协商，用_________工厂生产的_________商品来偿付全部机械设备的价款。具体的偿付商品的名称、数量、价格、交货期限等，由双方另行签订补偿商品供货合同，作为本合同不可分割的一部分。设备进口合同与补偿商品供货合同可合并为补偿贸易购销合同(见附件)。
第二条支付条件与方式
由甲乙双方对开信用证，即由甲方分期开出以乙方为受益人的远期信用证，分期、分批支付全部机械设备的价款;乙方开出以甲方为受益人的即期信用证，支付补偿商品的货款。甲方用乙方支付补偿商品的货款，来支付全部机械设备的价款。当乙方支付的货款不能相抵甲方所开的远期信用证之金额时，其差额部分由乙方用预付货款方式，在甲方所开的远期信用证到期前汇付甲方，以使甲方能按时议付所开的远期信用证。甲方所开的远期信用证的按期付款，是基于乙方按规定开出限期信用证及按规定预付货款。乙方保证按规定开出信用证及预付货款。
第三条偿付期限
甲方用_________年零_________个月，分月和商品偿付全部机械设备的价款。偿还日期自第一批机械设备到货后约_________个月后开始，原则上每月偿还的金额是全部机械设备价款的_________分之_________。甲方可以提前偿还，但需在_________个月前通知乙方。
在甲方用补偿商品偿还机械设备价款期间，乙方应按本协议项下的有关补偿商品合同的规定，开出以甲方为受益人的足额、限期、不可撤销，可分割、可转让的信用证。
第四条计价货币和作价标准
双方商品均用_________币计价。乙方提供的全部机械设备及所有仪器、附配件用_________币作价，甲方提供的补偿商品则按签订合同时甲方出口货物的人民币基价，以当时的人民币对_________币的汇率折算为_________币。
第五条利息计算
甲方所开的远期信用证及乙方所预付货款的利息应由甲方负担。双方议定年利息为百分之_________。
第六条技术服务
货物到达甲方口岸后，由甲方自行安装，但在主要设备安装过程中，甲方认为需要时，乙方必须派出技术人员进行现场指导，提供必要的技术服务，在此过程中由于技术上的问题，所造成的损失由乙方负责。
经双方协调，为完成此项工作，由乙方派出_________数量的技术人员。在中国的一切费用均由乙方承担。
第七条附加设备
在执行在协议过程中，如发现本合同项下的机械设备在配套生产时需要继续增添新的机械设备或测试仪器时，可由双方另行协调，予以增订。增订的项目仍应列入本合同范围之内。
第八条保险
设备进口以后由乙方投保。设备所有权在付清货款后发生转移，之后，如发生意外，损失先由保险公司向投保人赔付，再按比例退回甲方已支付的设备货款。
第九条违约责任
乙方不按合同规定购买补偿商品或甲方不按合同规定提供商品时，均应按合同条款承担违约责任，赔偿由此造成的经济损失，并向对方支付该项货款总值的_________%的罚款。
第十条履约保证
为保证合同条款的有效履行，双方分别向对方提供由各自一方银行出具的保函，予以担保。甲方的担保银行为中国银行_________分行，乙方的担保银行为_________国_________银行。
第十一条合同条款的变更
本合同内容如遇特殊情况需要变更，须经双方协商一致。
第十二条不可抗力
由于人力不可抗拒的原因，致使一方或双方不能履行合同有关条款，应及时向对方通报情况，在取得合法机关的有效证明之后，允许延期履行或不履行有关合同义务，并可根据情况部分或全部免除违约责任。
第十三条仲裁
凡是有关本协议或执行本协议而发生的一切争议，应通过友好协商解决。如不能解决，则应提交_________国_________仲裁委员会按_________仲裁程序在_________进行仲裁。仲裁适用法律为_________国法律。该仲裁委员会作出的裁决是最终的，甲乙双方均受其约束，任何一方不得向法院或其它机关申请变更。仲裁费用由败诉一方负担。
第十四条文字、生效
本合同用中、_________两种文字写成，两种文字具有同等效力。
本合同自签字之日起生效，有效期为_________年。期满后，双方如愿意继续合作，经向中国政府有关部门申请，获得批准后，可延期_________年或重新签订合同。
甲方(签字)：_________乙方(签字)：_________
_________年____月____日_________年____月____日
签订地点：_________签订地点：_________
附件
party a: _________company， china.
address:_________
tel: _________
telex: _________
party b: _________ company
address: _________
tel: _________
telex: _________
article 1introduction
(1)party b shall provide party a with _________machines of model _________to be used in production.along with them shall also be provided various kinds of supporting machinery，accessories and spare parts it needs，and the various kinds of measuring and testing instruments required in the course of production，the specific models， names，specifications， quantity，unit prices，packing requirements and the deadline for delivery shall be specified in an additional contract to be made between the both parties，which will serve as a integral part of the contract.
(2)the total cost of the entire machinery and its supporting equipment shall be paid to party b of the part of the products and/or other commodities produced by party a with the machinery supplied by party b.it may also be paid to party b of (a certain product)turned ort by .(this practice is hereinafter referred to as a make-up payment).the specific names，quantity and unit price of the products to be delivered as make-up payment，and the deadline for delinery，are to be specified in an additional contract between the two parties on products-supplying as make - up payment，which shall be the integral part of the contract.the two additional contracts mentioned above may be merged as one called buy - and sell contract on compensation trade.
article 2terma of payment
the two parties shall open a l/c in favour of each other.i.e.party a shall open，at regular intervals，long-term l/c in favour of party b to pay in install ments the entire cost of the machinery and its support sight l/c in favour of {arty a as a payment for the cost of the products to be delivered by party a.party a shall pay for the total cost of the machinery and its supporting equipment with the sum of money which party b shall pay the products to be delivered by party a as a make - up payment.in case the money to be paid by pairy b is not enough to cover the value of the long - term l/c is determined by the at - siggt l/c opened by party b and its down payment as stipulated in the contract .party b grarantees to fulfil what is required of it to do as mentioned herein.
article 3deadline for payment
party a shall pay the total cost of the machinery and its supporting equipment supplied by party b by delivering the products it produces to party b as a make - rp payment on a month - to - month basis ， and pay is off within a preriod of _________ years and _________months.the payment shall start approximately _________ months after the first delivery of the machinery is made .in principle，the sum to be paid per month shall be _________ percent of the total amount due to be paid for the machinery party a can make its payment ahead of schedule with a notice given to party b _________ months in advance.during the compensation period ，party b shall open a l/c in favour of party b，covering the total amount ， at sight ， irrevocable ， divisible and assignable ，in accordance with the relevant provisions in the buy - and - sell contract on compensation trade.
article 4currency for pricing
products provided by either party shall be priced in terms of_________.all the items supplied by party b，including machinery ，the required apparatus，accessories and spare parts shall be priced directly in terms of _________ above mentioned ;while the products provided by party a as a make - up payment for the machinery supplied by party b shall be first priced in terms of rmb as orher similar exports at the time the contract is made and then the prices in rmb shall be turned into those in _________ above mentioned according to the current exchange rate at the time.
article 5interest rate
party a shall pay the interest on its long - term l/c and the down payment of party b.the annual interest rate is agreed upon at _________%.
article 6technical service
after arrival at the destination port，the machinery shall be assembled by party a.when party a believes it is necessary ，party b shall send its technicians to provide on-the-spot instructions and other required technical assistance during the course of assembling. party b shall be liable for the losses incurred in the coures fo assembling as a result of technical default of its prat.
after approval by both parties， party b shall send a group of technicians to china to faciliate the completion of the project. the cost incurred in china shall be borne by party b.
article 7additional equipment
in the course of implementing the contract if it is foun necessary that ，in addition to the machinery and accessories already listed in the provisions， some additional items of the equipment and measuring and testing apparatus are needed， an additional order shall be agreed upon through negotiation .the items thus added shall be incorporated in the contract.
article 8insurance
after being delivered in china， the machinery and its supporting equipment shall be insured by party b. the unforeseen losses in connection with the equipment shall be indemnified for by the insurance company first to the insurer (party b) in case the equepment has already been paid off for and thus transferred into party a's possession.then a proportional part of the sum paid by the insurance company shall be allotted to party a to cover the payment party a has already made for the items of equipment involved the losses.
article 9liability for breach
either party shall be liable for a breach of contract in accordance with the provisions in the contract and shall indemnify for all the losses thus if party b should fail to make purchase of the products to be delivered by party a as make - up payment ， or party a should fail to deliver the products for compensation . in such case， the breaching party shall pay to the other a sum as a fine ， which shall account for _________ % of the total cost the products in question.
article 10performance guarantee
to guarantee the implementation of the contract， each party shall submit to the other a performance guarantee issued by a bank agreed by both parties. the guarantee bank of party a is bank of china， while that of party b is _________ bank.
article 11amendment of the contract
when the contract needs to be amended in certain particular cases， the amendment can be effected only after it is agreed upon by both parties through consultation.
article 12force majeure
either party shall not be held resposible for failure or delay to perform all or any part of the contract due to flood， fire earthquake ， drought ， war or any other events which coule not be predicted at the time of the conclusion of the contract， and could not be controlled， avoided or overcome by the parties. however，the party effected by the event of force majeure shall inform the other party of its occurrence in written as soon as possible and thereafter send a certificate of the event issued by the relevant authority to the other party but no later than 15days after its occurrence.
in the event of force majeure last over 120 days， both parties shall negotiate the performance or the termination of the contract.
article 13arbitration
all disputes arising from the performance of this contract should be settled through friendly negotiations. should no settlement be reached through engotiation， the case shall then be submitted for arbitration to the china international economic and trade arbitration commission(beijing) and the rules of this commission shall be applied. the arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing party unless otherwise awarded by the arbitration organization.
in the event of force majeure last over 120 days， both parties shall negotiate the performance or the termination of the contract.
during the course of the arbitration， the contract shall be performed except for the part under arbitration.
article 14language and effective date
the contract shall be written in chinese and in english. both languages are equally authentic. in the events of any discrepancy between the two abovementioned versions，the chinese version shall prevail.
the contract shall become effective when the contract is signed by both parties. the effective period of the contract shall be years. based on the willingness to continue the contract， both parties shall submit a application to relavant department of chinese government for the extension of the contract or reach a new contract when the contract expires.
partya(signature) : _________partyb(signature) : _________
date:_________ date:_________